Bacteria, Enzymes, Metabolites, Biotransformations - An Inventory Of The Four Major Fermentation Products

Technical Knowledge 2024-11-07 14:59:53
Fermentation products can be divided into bacterial products, enzyme products, metabolite products and biotransformation products according to their sources and functions. Each category has its own unique properties and application areas, and they play an important role in promoting scientific and technological progress and improving human life.

As the cornerstone of food processing, bacterial products provide the necessary microbial activity for the production of daily foods such as bread and beer.

Enzyme products optimize multiple links from food processing to pharmaceutical production with their efficient and specific catalytic properties.

Metabolite products, whether primary or secondary metabolites, provide humans with rich nutritional and therapeutic resources.

Biotransformation products, with their environmentally friendly and efficient characteristics, provide a greener and more sustainable alternative to chemical synthesis.

1. Bacteria products The core of bacteria products is the bacteria itself, which plays an important role in the production process of foods such as bread and beer:

Microbial cells: As food for humans or animals, they provide protein and other nutrients, sometimes called single-cell protein or bacterial protein.

Probiotics: These microorganisms help regulate and maintain the health of the human intestine and are beneficial to the digestive system.


Yeast

Acetic Acid Bacteria

Mucor

Lactic Acid Bacteria

Biological Classification

Eukaryotic Organisms

Prokaryotes Eukaryotic Organisms

Eukaryotic Organisms

Prokaryotes Eukaryotic Organisms

Life Mode

Heterotrophic Facultative Anaerobic

Heterotrophic Aerobic

Heterotrophic Aerobic

Heterotrophic Anaerobic

Suitable Temperature

Around 20℃

30℃~35℃

15℃-18℃

RT

Main Reproductive Method

Budding Reproduction Under Suitable Conditions.

Binary Fission

Spore Reproduction

Binary Fission

Main Purpose 

Brewing And Making Dough

Making Vinegar

Making Fermented Bean Curd

Making Yogurt And Kimchi 

2. Enzyme preparation products Enzyme preparation products are purified and processed forms of biocatalysts. Enzyme preparations are used in food, textile, feed, detergent, papermaking, leather, medicine and other industries. Has the following characteristics:

High catalytic efficiency: Enzymes can significantly increase the speed of chemical reactions.

Specificity: Each enzyme typically catalyzes only one specific chemical reaction.

Mild action conditions: The enzyme works at relatively low temperatures and pressures, reducing the impact on the environment.

3. Metabolite products Metabolite products are divided into primary and secondary metabolites:

Primary metabolites: produced in the logarithmic growth phase of microorganisms, are necessary substances for cell growth and life maintenance activities, including amino acids, nucleotides, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, etc.

Secondary metabolites: produced after a microorganism grows to a certain stage, have complex chemical structures and may have no obvious physiological function for the microorganism. Such products include antibiotics, toxins, hormones, pigments, etc. Different types of microorganisms produce different secondary metabolites.

4. Biotransformation products Biotransformation products involve the process of converting one compound into another by microbial cells or the enzymes they produce:

Conversion reaction types: including dehydrogenation, oxidation, hydroxylation, condensation, decarboxylation, amination, deamination or isomerization, etc.

Application examples: converting ethanol into acetic acid, or producing steroids, chiral drugs, etc. through biotransformation processes.

Compared with chemical synthesis, biotransformation usually has fewer steps, milder conditions, less waste and by-products, and is more environmentally friendly.


Tags Bacteria Enzymes Metabolites Biotransformations